Ta có : \(9=a^2+a^2+b^2+a^2+b^2+bc+bc+c^2+c^2\ge9\sqrt[9]{a^6\cdot b^6\cdot c^6}=9\sqrt[3]{a^2\cdot b^2\cdot c^2}\Rightarrow abc\le1\) Áp dụng bđt Cô-si vào các số dương : \(a^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{a^2}{b^6}}=4\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b^3}}\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{3}{b^2}}\ge2\cdot\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{a}{b^3}}\)  

CM tương tự ta được: \(\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{3}{c^2}}\ge2\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{b}{c^3}};\sqrt{c^2+\dfrac{3}{a^2}}\ge2\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{c}{a^3}}\Rightarrow P\ge2\cdot\left(\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{a}{b^3}}+\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{b}{c^3}}+\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{c}{a^3}}\right)\ge2\cdot3\cdot\sqrt[12]{\dfrac{a}{b^3}\cdot\dfrac{b}{c^3}\cdot\dfrac{c}{a^3}}=6\sqrt[12]{\dfrac{1}{\left(abc\right)^2}}=6\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

\(Q=\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b+c\right)^2+bc}}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(b+c\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{b+c}\)

\(Q\ge\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)^2}{a+b+b+c+c+a}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

\(P=2\Sigma a+\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}=\Sigma a+\Sigma a+\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\left(\Sigma a\right)^2.\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}}\)

\(Q=\left(\Sigma a\right)^2.\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}=\left(3+2\Sigma ab\right).\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}=3\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}+4\Sigma a+2\Sigma\dfrac{ab}{c}\ge3\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}+6\Sigma a=3\left(\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}+2\Sigma a\right)=3P\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{3P}\)   \(\Leftrightarrow P^3\ge81P\Leftrightarrow P^2\ge81\left(P>0\right)\Leftrightarrow P\ge9\)

" = " \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

Vì $\large a,b,c \in\mathbb{N^*}$ và $\large a^2+b^2+c^2=3\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a<\sqrt{3} & \\ b<\sqrt{3} & \\ c<\sqrt{3} & \end{matrix}\right.$

Ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức phụ sau: 

Với $0 <x<\sqrt{3}$ thì $2x+\frac{1}{x} \ge x^2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{5}{2}(*)$

Thật vậy $(*)$ $\large \Leftrightarrow (x-2)(x-1)^2 \le0$

Do $\large x<\sqrt{3}\Leftrightarrow x<2\Leftrightarrow (x-2)(x-1)^2<0$ (Luôn đúng)

Do đó bất đẳng thức được chứng minh 

Dấu $"="$ xảy ra khi $x=1$

Trở lại bài toán: 

Áp dụng BĐT $(*)$ ta được:

$\large 2a+\frac{1}{a}+2b+\frac{1}{b}+2c+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{1}{2}(a^2+b^2+c^2)+\frac{15}{2}=9$

Do $a^2+b^2+c^2=3$

Vậy $GTNN=9$

Dấu $"="$ xảy ra khi: $a=b=c=1$

Ta có: 

\(\left(b-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\) <=> \(b^2-b+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge0\) <=>\(b-\dfrac{1}{4}\le b^2\)

Mà : 

a<1 => \(log_a\left(b-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\ge log_ab^2=2log_ab\)

P=\(log_a\left(b-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}log_{\dfrac{a}{b}}b=log_a\left(b-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{log_ab}{1-log_ab}\ge2log_ab-\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{log_ab}{1-log_ab}\)

Đặt t=log_ab

Do b<a<1 => t=log_ab >1

Khi đó \(P\ge2t+\dfrac{t}{2t-2}=f\left(t\right)\). Khảo sát f(t) trên (1;+\(\infty\)) ta đc

P\(\ge\)f(t) \(\ge\) f\(\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\) = \(\dfrac{9}{2}\)

\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(3-2a\right)\left(3-2b\right)\left(3-2c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-27\)

\(\Rightarrow abc\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{9}{a\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{3+abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

12. Ta có \(ab\le\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)

=> \(a^2-ab+3b^2+1\ge\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\)

Lại có \(\left(\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{5}{2}+1\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b+1\right)^2\)

=> \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}\ge\frac{a}{4}+\frac{5b}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\)

=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}}\le\frac{4}{a+b+b+b+b+b+1+1}\le\frac{4}{64}.\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{5}{b}+2\right)\)

Khi đó 

\(P\le\frac{1}{16}\left(6\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+6\right)\le\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=1

Vậy \(MaxP=\frac{3}{2}\)khi a=b=c=1

13.  Ta có \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\le1\)

\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)( BĐT cosi)

=> \(1\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)

=> \(a+b+c\ge6\)

Ta có \(a^3-b^3=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)

=> \(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)

Tương tự \(\frac{b^3-c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\),,\(\frac{c^3-a^2}{c^2+ac+a^2}=c-a\)

Cộng 3 BT trên ta có

\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ac+c^2}=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+bc+b^2}+\frac{a^3}{a^2+ac+c^2}\)

Khi đó \(2P=\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+...\)

=> \(2P=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}+....\)

Xét \(\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)

<=> \(3\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\ge a^2+ab+b^2\)

<=> \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)(luôn đúng )

=> \(2P\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+b+c+a+c\right)=\frac{2}{3}.\left(a+b+c\right)\ge4\)

=> \(P\ge2\)

Vậy \(MinP=2\)khi a=b=c=2

Lưu ý : Chỗ .... là tương tự 

14.

Ta có \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=2\)

=> \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)=2\)

Đặt \(x+y+z=a,x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz=b\left(a,b\ge0\right)\)

=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}ab=2\\P=\frac{1}{2}a^2+4b\end{cases}}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cosi cho 3 số ta có 

\(\frac{1}{2}a^2+2b+2b\ge3\sqrt[3]{2a^2b^2}=6\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{2}a^2=2b\\ab=2\end{cases}}\)=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=2\\b=1\end{cases}}\)thỏa mãn ĐK

Vậy MinP=6 khi a=2, b=1

Ta thấy \(ab\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}=1\) và \(a+b\le\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=2\). Áp dụng BĐT B.C.S, ta được \(P=\dfrac{a^4}{ba^2+a^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{ab^2+b^2}\) \(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{ba^2+ab^2+a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{2^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)+2}\ge\dfrac{4}{1.2+2}=1\)

ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)

Vậy GTNN của P là 1 khi \(a=b=1\)